transposition ( transmutatio), also called transferring.

omission ( detractio), also called subtraction/abridgement/lack.

addition ( adiectio), also called repetition/expansion/superabundance.

An example of a trope is the metaphor, describing one thing as something that it clearly is not in order to lead the mind to compare them, in 'All the world's a stage.'Ĭlassical rhetoricians classified figures of speech into four categories or quadripita ratio:

Figures of speech are traditionally classified into schemes, which vary the ordinary sequence of words, and tropes, where words carry a meaning other than what they ordinarily signify.Īn example of a scheme is a polysyndeton: the repetition of a conjunction before every element in a list, whereas the conjunction typically would appear only before the last element, as in 'Lions and tigers and bears, oh my!'-emphasizing the danger and number of animals more than the prosaic wording with only the second 'and'. Whitehall is a road in the City of Westminster, London used synecdochically to refer to the entire UK civil service, as many government departments are nearby.Ī figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a word or phrase that intentionally deviates from ordinary language use in order to produce a rhetorical effect.

Another word for running around